Amen. is a 2002 English-language historical war drama film directed and co-written by Costa-Gavras. Based on Rolf Hochhuth's 1963 play The Deputy, the film examines the political and diplomatic relationship between the Vatican and Nazi Germany during World War II. It stars Ulrich Tukur, Mathieu Kassovitz, Sebastian Koch, Ulrich Mühe, Ion Caramitru, and Marcel Iureş. It was a co-production between French, German, and Romanian studios.