Bad Education (Spanish: La mala educación, also meaning 'bad manners') is a 2004 Spanish neo-noir psychological melodrama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. Starring Gael García Bernal, Fele Martínez, Daniel Giménez Cacho, Lluís Homar and Francisco Boira, the film focuses on two reunited childhood friends and lovers caught up in a stylized murder mystery. The metafictional film uses a deeply-nested narrative plot structure to explore themes of transsexuality, drug use, rape, and sexual abuse by Catholic priests. The film was released on 19 March 2004 in Spain by Warner Sogefilms.